Dynamoelectric machine brush rigging and method of assembly

ABSTRACT

A dynamoelectric machine of the type having rolling element bearing assemblies larger than the commutator and armature and brushcard subassemblies for automated assembly with the brushcard having a displaceable brush retainer for retaining the brushes to form an unobstructed passageway for the bearing assembly and the armature having a self-positioning actuator disk for automatically displacing the brush retainer during assembly so the brushes engage the commutator.

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to dynamoelectric machines and more particularlyto a brushholder and technique which facilitates automated assembly ofsuch machines.

The brush riggings for motors, generators and the like vary in design,but in general consist of boxes to house the brushes, a spring means toapply pressure to the brushes to urge them against a commutator,connecting electrical leads to provide a current path to the brushes anda mounting surface to secure these elements as well as to provide somemeans to secure the entire assembly to the motor in such a manner as toplace the brushes in a proper working relationship with the commutator.

One of the most popular designs, especially for small fractionalhorsepower motors, is to utilize a molded brushcard member of one-piececonstruction formed from a high temperature resistant plastic which iselectrically nonconductive. The member has the brush boxes formedthereon as well as various openings for securing it to the motor housingand for receiving an extended armature shaft and the commutator securedto the shaft.

The prior riggings present problems when they are contemplated for usein an automated assembly process. In particular, while assembling thearmature in a motor, complicated movements would have to be performed bythe automation equipment to hold the brushes back in the brush boxagainst the pressure being applied to the brushes by the spring meansuntil such time as the commutator is positioned to receive the brushes.

Although this is particularly a problem for automated assembly ofmotors, it also applies to those units being assembled by hand asspecial tools and fixtures have previously been required to hold thebrushes while the armature is being assembled.

In the assembly of dynamoelectric machines of the type wherein thearmature shaft is mounted in bushing bearings, various types ofretainers have been utilized to secure the brushes within the brush boxuntil the armature is assembled thereto. Exemplary brush retainers aredisclosed in King, U.S. Pat. No. 4,293,789 issued Oct. 6, 1981 and thecommonly owned Stewart, Sr., U.S. Pat. No. 4,694,214 issued Sept. 15,1987 which is incorporated herein by reference. In dynamoelectricmachines such as those disclosed in King and Stewart, Sr., thecommutator functions to displace a brush retainer upon assembly of thebrushbox to the armature. In such machines, the brush retainer need onlyhold back the brushes to provide an unobstructed passageway for thearmature shaft and commutator until the commutator is positionedadjacent the brushes.

However, in dynamoelectric machine applications such as continuous dutymotors, bearing assemblies of the rolling element type must be utilizedrather than bushing mounts. In these types of machines, the bearingassembly is secured to the armature shaft before the brushcard ispositioned with respect to the commutator. Consequently, the bearingassembly must also be passed through the brush rigging in positioningthe brushcard. Since the diametral size of the bearing assembly may begreater than the commutator, the brush holders described in King andStewart, Sr., cannot be utilized.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a newand improved brushcard subassembly which facilitates automated assemblyof dynamoelectric machines having rolling element bearings.

Another object of the invention is to provide such a brushcardsubassembly which facilitates automated mounting over a large bearingassembly secured to the armature shaft.

A further object of the invention is to provide such a brushcardsubassembly which automatically releases the brushes to engage thecommutator upon positioning the commutator within the brushcardsubassembly.

Another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved methodof automated assembly of dynamoelectric machines having rolling elementbearings larger than the commutator.

Another object of the invention is to provide a safe, economical, easyto assemble and reliable dynamoelectric machine.

It has been found that the foregoing and related objects are attained ina dynamoelectric machine having an armature subassembly and acooperating brushcard subassembly for mounting about the commutator ofthe armature subassembly. The armature includes an armature shaft,armature windings, a commutator mounted to the armature shaft adjacentthe windings, and an antifriction bearing assembly mounted to thearmature shaft in spaced disposition to the commutator. The bearingassembly has an outer diametral dimension greater than the commutator.The armature subassembly also includes an actuator for displacing abrush retainer on the brushcard subassembly. The actuator is mounted tothe shaft between the bearing assembly and the commutator. The brushcardsubassembly includes a support bracket for mounting brush holdersradially adjacent the commutator with the bracket defining a centralopening to receive the commutator. The central opening is dimensioned tobe larger than the diametral dimension of the bearing assembly so as topermit the bearing assembly to pass therethrough. At least one brushholder is mounted to the support bracket so as to extend radiallyrelative to the commutator in assembly. A brush is slidably mounted inthe holder with a biasing spring to urge the brush into contact with thecommutator. A displaceable retainer is mounted to the support bracketfor retaining brushes radially outwardly so as to form an unobstructedcentral passageway greater than the diametral dimension of the bearingassembly to permit the bearing assembly to pass through the passagewayand through the central opening of the support bracket during assembly.The retainer is releaseably mounted to the support bracket for automaticdisplacement by the actuator upon placement of the commutator into thecentral opening of the support bracket to allow the brush to engage thecommutator. The retainer is a cylindrical sleeve releasably mountedwithin the central opening of the support bracket for axial displacementby the actuator. The actuator is a disk coaxially mounted to thearmature shaft for sliding movement along the shaft responsive toengagement with the sleeve during assembly to position the disk to abutthe commutator for movement therewith so that movement of the commutatorinto the central opening causes the disk to displace the sleeve axiallyfrom the brushcard to release the brushes so as to engage thecommutator.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a partly broken away sectional view of a dynamoelectricmachine in assembly with the brushcard of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partly broken away sectional view similar to FIG. 1 butshowing the brushcard and armature subassemblies in their relativepreassembly configurations.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the brushcard subassembly of FIG. 2.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Although specific forms of the present invention have been selected forillustration in the drawings, and the following description is drawn inspecific terms for the purpose of describing these forms of theinvention, the description is not intended to limit the scope of theinvention which is defined in the appended claims.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a dynamoelectric machine according to thepresent invention is shown in the form of a small fractional horsepowerDC motor which generally comprises a motor housing, an armature, and abrushcard. The assembled motor is shown in FIG. 1 while FIG. 2 depictsthe brushcard subassembly 16 just prior to mounting to the armaturesubassembly 14.

The housing 12 is cylindrical in shape and enclosed by endcaps 18, 20.The endcaps 18, 20 each have a central recess 22, 24 respectively forpress mounting the antifriction bearings of the armature subassembly 14.Permanent magnets (not shown) are mounted to the interior of the housing12.

The armature 14 comprises an armature shaft 28 a plurality of windings30, a commutator 32, an actuator disk 34, and ball bearing assemblies36, 38. The commutator 32 is mounted to the shaft 28 adjacent thewindings 30. The shaft 28 has a shoulder portion 40 and the ball bearing36 is press-fit mounted to the shaft against the shoulder portion 40.The ball bearing assembly 36 is of conventional design having an innerrace 41 press-fit mounted to the shaft 28, an outer race 42 and aplurality of ball bearing elements 44 mounted therebetween (only one ofwhich is shown). The outside diameter of the bearing assembly is greaterthan the commutator 32. The bearing assembly 38 is similarly configuredand mounted to the opposite end of shaft 28. The bearing assemblies 36,38 are press mounted within the recesses 22, 24 respectively to supportthe armature for rotation within the housing 12.

The brushcard 16 comprises a circular support plate 46 having a centralopening 48 to receive the commutator 32. A pair of opposing brushcardboxes 50, 52 are mounted to the support plate 46 and extend radiallyoutward from the central opening 48. Each brushcard box 50, 52 defines acavity 54 mounting a brush 56 therein for reciprocating movement with aspring 58 urging the brush 56 into contact with the commutator 32.Electrical leads 57 (shown only in FIG. 3) provide an electricalconnection to the brushes 56 in a conventional manner as described inU.S. Pat. No. 4,694,214 which is incorporated herein. The endcap 18 issecured to the support plate 46 by bolts (not shown) or the like.Alternately, the endcap 18 and brushcard 16 can be of unitaryconstruction and may be integrally formed from an electricallynonconductive material such as plastic.

Referring to FIG. 2, the pre-assembly position of the brushcardsubassembly 16 and armature subassembly 14 is shown. In this position,the bearing assembly 36 has been mounted to the shaft 28. Notably, thediameter of the bearing assembly 36 is greater than the diameter of thecommutator 32 and must be passed through the brushcard 16 for pressmounting in the recess 22 of endcap 18. In order to allow the bearingassembly 36 to pass through the brush rigging, a brush retainer sleeve60 holds the brushes 56 radially outwardly to define an unobstructedpassageway. The retainer sleeve 60 is generally cylindrical with anannular flange 62 at one end. The sleeve 60 is friction-fit mountedwithin the central opening 48 of support plate 46 so as to facilitatedisplacement by the actuator disk 34 as described hereinafter. In thepreassembly position, the outer circumferential surface of the sleeve 60engages a portion of the lower end of the brushes 56 to retain thebrushes against the inward biasing force of the brush springs 58. Theflange portion 62 engages the face 47 of support plate 46 to positionthe sleeve 60 within the central opening 48. Importantly, the insidediameter of the sleeve 60 is sufficiently greater than the outsidediameter of the bearing assembly 36 to allow the bearing assembly topass unobstructed therethrough during assembly.

The actuator disk 34 is loose-fit or slidably mounted on the shaft 28between the bearing assembly 36 and the commutator 32. The actuator diskis dimensioned and configured so as to engage and displace the retainersleeve 60 upon assembly of the brushcard 16 to the armature 14. Theoutside diameter of the circular disk 34 is greater than the insidediameter of the retainer sleeve 60 but less than the central opening 48so that the disk 34 engages the interior end 61 of sleeve 60 anddisplaces it axially outwardly from the central opening as thecommutator 32 is positioned within the central opening 48.

In positioning the commutator 32 within the brushcard 16, the bearingassembly 36 passes through the retainer sleeve 60 and the actuator disk34 engages the interior end 61 of the retainer sleeve. Further axialmovement of the armature 14 will cause the actuator disk 34 to slidealong the shaft 28 until it abuts the end face 33 of the commutator 32.At that point, the actuator disk abuts the retainer sleeve 60 and thecommutator 32, and further axial movement of the armature 14 will causethe commutator to drive the actuator disk to displace the retainersleeve axially outwardly so it disengages from the brushcard 16 andreleases the brushes 56 to engage the commutator 32. Since the diskabuts the end face 33 of the commutator 32, the commutator willnecessarily be positioned adjacent the brush boxes 50, 52 when the diskdisplaces the brush retainer 60 so that the brushes will then engage theouter circumferential surface of the commutator. As can be appreciated,the pre-assembly position of the disk 34 along the shaft 28 between thebearing assembly 36 and the commutator 32 is not critical since the disk34 is self-positioning in that it will be automatically positionedagainst the commutator 32 when the disk displaces the brush retainersleeve. In assembly, the retainer sleeve 60 and the actuator disk 34 arepositioned between the bearing assembly 36 and the brushcard 16 as shownin FIG. 1 and do not interfere with the operation of the motor. Ifnecessary during repair of the motor, the sleeve may be repositioned inthe brushcard to retain the brushes for reassembly.

In an automated method of assembly of a motor according to the presentinvention, the bearing assemblies 36, 38 are secured to the opposing endportions of the armature shaft 28 prior to mounting in the housing 12.The armature is positioned within the housing 12 with the bearingassembly 38 being mounted within the endcap 20. The brushes 56 of thebrushcard subassembly 16 are releasably retained by the retainer sleeve60 to provide an unobstructed passageway through the brush rigging forpassing the bearing assembly 36 therethrough for mounting in the endcap18. After the bearing assembly 36 has been passed through the brushrigging by the relative axially-aligned movement of the brushcardsubassembly 16 and armature subassembly 14, the brushes areautomatically released when the actuator disk displaces the retainersleeve from the brushcard so that the brushes are urged into engagementwith the commutator by the brush springs 58. Accordingly, this automatedmethod of assembly has particular utility in assembling motors withrolling element bearing assemblies larger than the commutator.

While the invention has been described herein relative to smallfractional horsepower motors which are designed to facilitate assembly,it is to be understood that this invention has like applicability toother types of dynamoelectric devices which utilize brushes and tovarious sized devices and motors which are manually assembled.

As can be seen, a brushcard subassembly and techniques have beendescribed which facilitate automated assembly of dynamoelectric machinesutilizing large rolling element bearings. The brushcard subassemblyparticularly facilitates automated mounting over a large bearingassembly secured to the armature shaft while achieving automatic releaseof the brushes in position to engage the commutator.

As will be apparent to persons skilled in the art, various modificationsand adaptations of the structure and method above-described will becomereadily apparent without departure from the spirit and scope of theinvention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. In combination,an armature subassembly for adynamoelectric machine having armature windings, an armature shaft, acommutator mounted to the armature shaft adjacent the armature windings,an antifriction bearing assembly mounted to the armature shaft in spaceddisposition to said commutator, said bearing assembly having an outerdiametral dimension greater than said commutator, and actuator means fordisplacing brush retainer means, said actuator means being positionedbetween said bearing means and said commutator, and a brushcardsubassembly adapted for mounting about the commutator comprising supportmeans for mounting brush holders radially adjacent the commutator, saidsupport means defining a central opening to receive the commutator, saidcentral opening being larger than the diametral dimension of saidbearing assembly so as to permit the bearing assembly to passtherethrough, at least one of said brush holders mounted to said supportmeans so as to extend radially from a commutator in assembly, a brushslidably supported in said holder, spring means for urging said brushinto contact with the commutator and said retainer means for retainingbrushes radially outwardly so as to form an unobstructed centralpassageway greater than the diametral dimension of said bearing assemblyto permit the bearing assembly to pass through said passageway andthrough said central opening of said support means, said retainer meansbeing releasably mounted to said support means for automaticdisplacement by said actuator means upon placement of the commutatorinto said central opening of the support means to allow the brush toengage the commutator.
 2. The combination of claim 1 wherein saidbearing assembly comprises an inner race, a plurality of rollingelements, and an outer race, said inner race being securely mounted tothe armature shaft.
 3. The combination of claim 2 wherein the inner raceis press fit mounted to the armature shaft.
 4. The combination of claim2 wherein said retainer means comprises a cylindrical sleeve removablymounted within the central opening of said support means for axialdisplacement by said actuator means, said sleeve having an outercircumferential surface for retaining brushes and a central bore with adiametral dimension greater than said outer diametral dimension of saidbearing assembly so as to permit the bearing assembly to passtherethrough.
 5. The combination of claim 4 wherein said actuator meanscomprises an actuator element mounted to said shaft and configured toengage said sleeve to displace said sleeve axially upon placement of thecommutator into said central opening of said support means.
 6. Thecombination of claim 5 wherein said actuator element comprises a diskcoaxially mounted to said armature shaft for sliding movement along saidshaft responsive to engagement with said sleeve to position said disk toabut said commutator for movement therewith so that movement of thecommutator into said central opening causes the disk to displace saidsleeve axially to release said brush to engage said commutator.
 7. Thecombination of claim 1 wherein said retainer means comprises acylindrical sleeve removably mounted within the central opening of saidsupport means for axial displacement by said actuator means, said sleevehaving an outer circumferential surface for retaining brushes and acentral bore with a diametral dimension greater than said outerdiametral dimension of said bearing assembly so as to permit the bearingassembly to pass therethrough.
 8. The combination of claim 7 whereinsaid actuator means comprises an actuator element mounted to said shaftand configured to engage said sleeve to displace said sleeve axiallyupon placement of the commutator into said central opening of saidsupport means.
 9. The combination of claim 8 wherein said actuatorelement comprises a disk coaxially mounted to said armature shaft forsliding movement along said shaft so as to abut said commutator and saidsleeve upon placement of the commutator into said central opening todisplace said sleeve axially to release said brush to engage saidcommutator.
 10. The combination of claim 1 wherein said actuator meanscomprises an actuator element mounted to said shaft and configured toengage said retainer means to displace said retainer means axially uponplacement of the commutator into said central opening of said supportmeans.
 11. The combination of claim 10 wherein said actuator elementcomprises a disk coaxially mounted to said armature shaft for slidingmovement along said shaft responsive to engagement with said retainermeans to position said disk to abut said commutator for movementtherewith so that movement of the commutator into said central openingcauses the disk to displace said retainer means axially to release saidbrush to engage said commutator.
 12. The combination of claim 1 furthercomprising a housing endcap with a recess configured to mount saidbearing assembly.
 13. The combination of claim 12 wherein said endcapand said support means comprise a unitary configuration.